Linguistic Studies: THEORETICAL APPROACH AND FRAMEWORK

In language research theoretical approach and framework are important. This is the example of Theoretical approach and framework off language research on Pragmatic study:

THEORETICAL APPROACH AND FRAMEWORK

In this chapter, the researcher wants to describe theoretical approach and theoretical framework. In theoretical approach the writer will talk about the approach that is used in this research, namely pragmatic approach. Theoretical frame work contains theories that can support the research.
According to Ritzer (1993:31), theoretical framework is a base in strengthening the discussion which the writer explains. The writer explains the definition of theory which is a set of ideas useful in explaining a broad range of phenomena. Theories typically have a set of key or central term, which often serve as the basic framework of the theory. In theoretical framework the writer will talk about a drama that is used in this research, politeness, and of course talk about face-threatening acts.

A. Theoretical Approach
According to Wilson (1948), language is just a system of symbols which people have created for the elaboration of that new space-time world of mind to which he was called by the “world-spirit” when the world emerged from the preconscious to the conscious cycle of the self-development.
Actually, people use language to make communication in their daily lives. When people want to speak to another, it means that she/he wants to communicate something to the hearer and the hearer should not only recognize the meaning of the utterance but also the intention of the speaker. In order to understand the meaning of the speaker, the hearer should relate the utterance with the context following the production of the utterance since utterances cannot be separated from their context. And the branch of linguistics that studies language and its context is called pragmatics.
Pragmatics is the study of the use of language in communication. It means that any relationship between the sentences and the context ad the situation which the conversation happen. According to Mey (1993: 4-5), the term of pragmatics is used only because people cannot explain it using the ‘normal’ explanation of linguistics (here the semantics of language). Whenever people cannot explain a phenomenon in language using regular, accepted linguistic theories, then people must have resource to something else, something that is supposedly as undefined as it is tangible, namely pragmatics.
As has been indicated above, the pragmatic function of language is to make an effective use of language in communication. There is an activity of the participants to intend the message and to interpret the message. From pragmatics point of view, to intend at to interpret the messages are the problem for the speakers and the hearers to solve. Functionally, language has various purposes such as greeting, criticizing, complaining, commanding, and joking. These purposes are the ways that participants express the idea, feelings, and thoughts. These must certainly consist of meaning, which can be implied. Pragmatics is one of the studies to explore it.
In analyzing Face-Threatening Acts used in Macbeth, the researcher uses the pragmatic approach because it studies the language in relation to the society and happening events about social life at the time when the work was made. Leech (1996: 6) states that pragmatics is the study of meaning in relation to speech situation. Furthermore, Levinson (1983:5-9) states that the definitions of pragmatics are 1) Pragmatics is the study of the principles that will account or why a certain set of sentences is anomalous, or not possible utterances, 2) Pragmatics is the study of those relations between the language and the context that are grammaticalized or encoded in the structure of language, 3) Pragmatics is the study of all those aspects of meaning not captured in semantic theory.
The lack of a clear consensus appears in the way that not two published accounts list the same categories of pragmatics in quite the same order. But among the things the people should know about are:
a) Speech act theory
b) Conversational Implicature
c) The Cooperative principle
d) Conversational maxims
e) Politeness
f) Etc.




B. Theoretical Framework

Theoretical framework is in the other page of this blog